Well-tubing.



PATENTED APR. 7, 1908.

A. SMITH. WELL TUBING.

APPLIOATION FILED APB, 4, 190e.

www

\the widtli of the infiltration slots when the "tubes, linings or casings are prepared, and to vas a universal screen for all kinds of Water or ANDREW SMXTH, OF SAN MATEO, CALFORNLL WELL-TUBDIG.

no. seems.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 7, 1908.

Application filed April 1906. Serial No.v SNLBQS.

To all whom 'ii may concern: N Beit known that l, ANnREW SMITH, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Sanv Mateo, county of San Mateo, and State of California, have invented certain new and useful lm rovenients in Well- Tubing; and l herehy r lsciare the `following to be a full, clear, and exact description oi the saine, reference being had to the accompany ingdrawings, forming a part of this speciication.

This invention relates to an improved method ot constructing tubing, casings or linings for Wells where there is designed to be infiltration of water or oil at considerable depthaI-and to certain improvements therein whereby the manufacture and operation of such linings or casings are improved.

My improvement consists in providing, throughout the areas where infiltration takes place, narrow longitudinal slots or erforstions that have a uniform width at alilpoints, and so act as screens to prevent the'entrance of sand, gravel or' other solid substance that will clog or impede the passage of liquids through the tubes or casings; and it especially consists in a construction that permits the 1vidth of such longitudinal slots or perforations to be set or adjusted beforehand to conditions Whthcr the tubes are designed for sand, 'line g avel or coarse gravel, acting oil bcaringstrata, without other provision than simple adjustment when the sections of linings, casings or tubes are prepared for insertion.

The means consist in employing a double I thickness or two walls for the ini'iltrationl sections, one fitting loosely withinthe other, so that by turning the outer and inner tubes relatively the Width of the longitudinal perl forations lcan be regulated and adjusted be- 1 fore the outer and inner pipes are jiastened i together., to suit the circumstances 'ot each particular case after the water or oil hearing-I strata have been explored and their character determined. l

The objects of my invention are to adapt. the screening function of the perforations to the nature oi particular strata by varying supply a standard uniform manufacture thereof. To this end l provide casings,- tubes or linings for bored or drllled Wells constructed vas shown in the drawings now to be referred to, in which Figure I shows sections of Well tubingmade according to my invention and sun in the earth. Fig. Il shows an enlarged transverse section through the infiltration ortion ot' the well tubing on line 'cn-'41 of Fig. Fie'. Hl shows a 'similar section onf line c-'c ot Fig. I FigjlV shows a similar ssecf- I tion on line c-e of Fig. l.;

ln constructing casings or linings for bored Wells a rincipal difhculty met with is in providing or the infiltration ot Water or oil into the tubes with the exclusion of solids that if admitted will sink to the bottom' and choke the wells. Perforation's to admit water or oil must be of uniform size, and when fine enou h to exclude common earth or fine sand greaty diminish the inflow of water or oil rom the gravel strata or other coa-:ser material from which the principal supply is obtained. The circumstances of use therefore demand that the pertorations for Huid inlets be suited to. the dilterent strata through which a Well is sunk, and as fixed perforations ot different sizes in each oase would entail a variety ot different tube sections and es the requirements can not be ascertained previous to exploring the wells and reparing the casings, tubes or linings, the de ects have not l'iithcrto been avoidable in practice. therefore provide oy means' of said inner and outer walls, variable inlet Ways or perforations, the required area to be attained by their length and. number. They are referably'made in longnarrow longitudinalJ form that` can be regulated to the re 'uirements after the strata have been explorer. and before insertion.

in tlie lrawing now to be referred to, 1 and 2er@ inipei'iorate sections that exclude sur- 'l'ace Water. These may be of any required number according to the nature ofthe soil, the depth oi the Well, and the liability to surface infiltration; they .can also be of a single thickness or double to secure stren th.

3, 4 and 5 are perforated sections to a mit Water or oil, each consisting of double tubes as shown in the enlarged sections in Figs. II, lll, and IV.

The inner tubes 7 are made enough smaller. in diameter to tit inovably Within the outer tubes 8, and both the 'outer and inner tubes are perforated uniformly and so that the apertures will register by turning the tubes one upon or within the other. When `the tubes ,are to :inserted in a Well, the two composingr each section are add'usted to produce passages 9, 10 and 12, or imensions to suit the nature ofthe strata, 13, 14 and 15 Fig. I representing earth, sand, and gravel' consecutively. Such strata may be deep enough to require two or more sections in each, and the whole number of sections will be sufficient to reach to any required depth.

according to my invention can be laid horizontally or at any required angle that may be demanded by the conditions of the strata.

The apertures are iirst adjusted to exclude the several fades of solids, as before enumerated, and t e tubes 7 and 8 of each section are then fastened together by means of rivets 3a, 4a and 5 or any other suit-able manner, When'they are ready for insertion. ,g

In this manner of constructing the ervious sections it will be seen that tubes oi' only two kinds are required, inner and outer, and that the Vperforations being uniform admits of duplicate and organized manufacture, greatly reducing the varieties required and vthe cost of maklng the same.

I am aware that double Wallsihave been emplo Yed 'for well tubing, es ecially forvwhat are ca led driven-or unexp ored wells, and

that perforations for such tubes have been made adjustable from the teu atter'insertion,

or While such -tubes. are being insertedbut such iis not my invention.

Having thus explained the nature and objects of my invention and the manner of applying the same, what l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A casing for wells, comprising a plurality of apertured sections, each section. being formed with apertures of different sizes from It will be understood that the tubes made y@sacas the apertures in the' remaining sections, and `each of said sections comprlslng a plurality of members having apertures thereln so po `sitioned as'to have the apertures in said members register for forming said a ertures in said sections, and means for rigi y securing said sections together, said means pre venting longitudinal movement of the mem'- bers of said sections. 2,. A casing for wells, comprising an iinerforate section, a plurality of sections termed with openings therein, each of said sections comprisinv' a plurality of concentric drums, each of san drums formed with aper tures therein, the reglsterlng of the apertures as to form openings in said sections, each section being provided with different sized apertures for accommodating various strata, and means for securingr said sections together.

In 'testimony'Y whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence ofA two subscribing witnesses.

ANDREW SMITH.

Witnesses:

JAMES Mason Emma WIcK'as. 

